{"id":709,"date":"2013-02-28T12:27:06","date_gmt":"2013-02-28T17:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/awgentry.com\/?p=709"},"modified":"2013-04-29T22:51:21","modified_gmt":"2013-04-30T02:51:21","slug":"markup-languages-and-the-web","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/awgentry.com\/weblog\/markup-languages-and-the-web\/","title":{"rendered":"Markup Languages and the Web"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Markup language\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Markup_language\">Markup languages<\/a> are a critical aspect of websites, the building blocks of most <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Web page\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Web_page\">webpages<\/a> today. They generally fall into one or more of three types:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Presentational markup: <\/strong>Design-related commands, such as formatting text on a <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Web browser\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Web_browser\">Web \tbrowser<\/a>\u2019s screen.\n<div class=\"zemanta-img zemanta-action-dragged\">\n<div style=\"width: 233px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:RecipeBook_XML_Example.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"RecipeBook_XML_Example from their website and ...\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/e\/ee\/RecipeBook_XML_Example.png\/300px-RecipeBook_XML_Example.png\" alt=\"RecipeBook_XML_Example from their website and ...\" width=\"227\" height=\"154\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image via Wikipedia<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>HTML is a nearly-universal example.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Procedural markup<\/strong>: \tInstructions for programs which process the files. This includes \t<a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"PostScript\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PostScript\">PostScript<\/a> and macros.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Descriptive markup:<\/strong> Labels \tgiven to document sections to classify and provide a structure to \tthe data. XML is included in this category.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"zemanta-img zemanta-action-dragged\">\n<div style=\"width: 174px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:HTML.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"A graphical despiction of a very simple html d...\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/84\/HTML.svg\/266px-HTML.svg.png\" alt=\"A graphical despiction of a very simple html d...\" width=\"168\" height=\"194\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image via Wikipedia<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Markup languages take their name from the practice of manually marking up changes or instructions for print publications by editors. SGML (<a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Standard Generalized Markup Language\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language\">Standard Generalized Markup Language<\/a>), a <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Metalanguage\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metalanguage\">meta-language<\/a> which developers could use to create their own markup specifications for their needs, was prominent in the story of the <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"World Wide Web\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Wide_Web\">Web<\/a>. While it was very flexible, it was also difficult to master. HTML (<a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"HTML\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HTML\">Hyper Text Markup Language<\/a>), a much-easier and eventually nearly universal markup language, built upon its foundation.<\/p>\n<p>Whereas HTML generally focuses on presentation such as fonts and webpage layouts, XML (<a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"XML\" rel=\"wikipedia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XML\">eXtensible Markup Language<\/a>) is used to organize data into categories and logical sections. XHTML takes some aspects of both HTML and XML, as it works in place of HTML while leaving most presentational aspects to be handled by separate stylesheets.<\/p>\n<div class=\"zemanta-pixie\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"zemanta-pixie-img\" src=\"http:\/\/img.zemanta.com\/pixy.gif?x-id=73e672f0-6a5a-4829-9a78-16b5d9c9c037\" alt=\"\" \/><span class=\"zem-script more-related pretty-attribution\"><script src=\"http:\/\/static.zemanta.com\/readside\/loader.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Markup languages are a critical aspect of websites, the building blocks of most webpages today. They generally fall into one or more of three types: Presentational markup: Design-related commands, such as formatting text on a Web browser\u2019s screen. HTML is a nearly-universal example. Procedural markup: Instructions for programs which process the files. This includes PostScript&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,133],"tags":[139,140,141,142,143,144,138,145],"class_list":["post-709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-geek","category-programming-web","tag-html","tag-markup-language","tag-postscript","tag-standard-generalized-markup-language","tag-web-browser","tag-web-page","tag-xhtml","tag-xml"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/awgentry.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/awgentry.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/awgentry.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/awgentry.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/awgentry.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=709"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/awgentry.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":989,"href":"http:\/\/awgentry.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions\/989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/awgentry.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/awgentry.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/awgentry.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}